Hello! These are the 'three-form changes of English irregular verbs', which you encounter first when studying English and which definitely require memorization.

While regular verbs only need to have -ed added to their end to form the past tense or past participle, irregular verbs change their form without a specific rule, as the name suggests. Therefore, it is important to memorize them by frequently looking at them and getting accustomed to them.

In this post, I will provide a neat, alphabetically ordered (A to Z) list of 116 essential irregular verbs that you must know.

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1. Patterns of Irregular Verbs

• A-A-A Pattern (Infinitive, Past Simple, and Past Participle are all the same):
  • Examples: hit - hit - hit / cut - cut - cut / put - put - put
• A-B-A Pattern (Infinitive and Past Participle are the same):
  • Examples: come - came - come / run - ran - run
• A-B-B Pattern (Past Simple and Past Participle are the same):
  • Examples: buy - bought - bought / make - made - made
• A-B-C Pattern (All three forms are different):
  • Examples: be - was/were - been / speak - spoke - spoken

⚠️ Pronunciation to Note

The verb read is spelled the same in its infinitive, past simple, and past participle forms. However, please remember that when used in the past simple and past participle forms, the pronunciation changes to red!

No.	Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle
1	be	was / were	been
2	beat	beat	beaten
3	become	became	become
4	begin	began	begun
5	bend	bent	bent
6	bet	bet	bet
7	bite	bit	bitten
8	blow	blew	blown
9	break	broke	broken
10	bring	brought	brought
11	broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
12	build	built	built
13	burst	burst	burst
14	buy	bought	bought
15	catch	caught	caught
16	choose	chose	chosen
17	come	came	come
18	cost	cost	cost
19	creep	crept	crept
20	cut	cut	cut
21	deal	dealt	dealt
22	dig	dug	dug
23	do	did	done
24	draw	drew	drawn
25	drink	drank	drunk
26	drive	drove	driven
27	eat	ate	eaten
28	fall	fell	fallen
29	feed	fed	fed
30	feel	felt	felt
31	fight	fought	fought
32	find	found	found
33	flee	fled	fled
34	fly	flew	flown
35	forbid	forbade	forbidden
36	forget	forgot	forgotten
37	forgive	forgave	forgiven
38	freeze	froze	frozen
39	get	got	got / gotten
40	give	gave	given
41	go	went	gone
42	grow	grew	grown
43	hang	hung	hung
44	have	had	had
45	hear	heard	heard
46	hide	hid	hidden
47	hit	hit	hit
48	hold	held	held
49	hurt	hurt	hurt
50	keep	kept	kept
51	kneel	knelt	knelt
52	know	knew	known
53	lay	laid	laid
54	lead	led	led
55	leave	left	left
56	lend	lent	lent
57	let	let	let
58	lie	lay	lain
59	light	lit	lit
60	lose	lost	lost
61	make	made	made
62	mean	meant	meant
63	meet	met	met
64	pay	paid	paid
65	put	put	put
66	read	read [red]	read [red]
67	ride	rode	ridden
68	ring	rang	rung
69	rise	rose	risen
70	run	ran	run
71	say	said	said
72	see	saw	seen
73	seek	sought	sought
74	sell	sold	sold
75	send	sent	sent
76	set	set	set
77	sew	sewed	sewn / sewed
78	shake	shook	shaken
79	shine	shone	shone
80	shoot	shot	shot
81	show	showed	shown / showed
82	shrink	shrank	shrunk
83	shut	shut	shut
84	sing	sang	sung
85	sink	sank	sunk
86	sit	sat	sat
87	sleep	slept	slept
88	slide	slid	slid
89	speak	spoke	spoken
90	spend	spent	spent
91	spit	spat	spat
92	split	split	split
93	spread	spread	spread
94	spring	sprang	sprung
95	stand	stood	stood
96	steal	stole	stolen
97	stick	stuck	stuck
98	sting	stung	stung
99	stink	stank	stunk
100	strike	struck	struck
101	swear	swore	sworn
102	sweep	swept	swept
103	swim	swam	swum
104	swing	swung	swung
105	take	took	taken
106	teach	taught	taught
107	tear	tore	torn
108	tell	told	told
109	think	thought	thought
110	throw	threw	thrown
111	understand	understood	understood
112	wake	woke	woken
113	wear	wore	worn
114	weep	wept	wept
115	win	won	won
116	write	wrote	written

Closing

I have organized the table of the three forms of irregular verbs.

Rather than trying to memorize all the words at once, I recommend setting a goal of 5 to 10 words a day and consistently reading them aloud. Please bookmark or capture this post and check it whenever you have a spare moment!

I will return with more useful and informative English learning content next time. Keep studying hard today!