불규칙 과거형, 과거분사형 정리표

Study Notes

안녕하세요! 영어를 공부할 때 가장 먼저 만나기도 하고, 암기가 반드시 필요한, **'영어 불규칙 동사 3단 변화'**입니다.

일반적인 동사는 과거형이나 과거분사형을 만들 때 뒤에 -ed만 붙이면 되지만, 불규칙 동사는 말 그대로 규칙 없이 형태가 변하기 때문에 자주 보면서 익숙해지는 방식으로 암기하는것이 중요합니다.

이번 포스팅에서는 반드시 알아야 할 필수 불규칙 동사 116개를 알파벳 순서(A to Z)로 깔끔하게 정리해 드리겠 습니다.


1. 불규칙 동사의 패턴

  • A-A-A 형 (원형-과거형-과거분사형이 모두 같은 형태):
    • 예시: hit - hit - hit / cut - cut - cut / put - put - put
  • A-B-A 형 (원형과 과거분사형이 같은 형태):
    • 예시: come - came - come / run - ran - run
  • A-B-B 형 (과거형과 과거분사형이 같은 형태):
    • 예시: buy - bought - bought / make - made - made
  • A-B-C 형 (3가지 형태가 모두 다른 형태):
    • 예시: be - was/were - been / speak - spoke - spoken

⚠️ 주의해야 할 발음

**read**동사는 원형, 과거형, 과거분사형의 철자가 모두 똑같습니다. 하지만 과거형과 과거분사형으로 쓰일 때는 발음이 **red**로 바뀌는 것을 꼭 기억해 주세요!

번호 원형 (Infinitive) 과거형 (Past Simple) 과거분사형 (Past Participle)
1 be was / were been
2 beat beat beaten
3 become became become
4 begin began begun
5 bend bent bent
6 bet bet bet
7 bite bit bitten
8 blow blew blown
9 break broke broken
10 bring brought brought
11 broadcast broadcast broadcast
12 build built built
13 burst burst burst
14 buy bought bought
15 catch caught caught
16 choose chose chosen
17 come came come
18 cost cost cost
19 creep crept crept
20 cut cut cut
21 deal dealt dealt
22 dig dug dug
23 do did done
24 draw drew drawn
25 drink drank drunk
26 drive drove driven
27 eat ate eaten
28 fall fell fallen
29 feed fed fed
30 feel felt felt
31 fight fought fought
32 find found found
33 flee fled fled
34 fly flew flown
35 forbid forbade forbidden
36 forget forgot forgotten
37 forgive forgave forgiven
38 freeze froze frozen
39 get got got / gotten
40 give gave given
41 go went gone
42 grow grew grown
43 hang hung hung
44 have had had
45 hear heard heard
46 hide hid hidden
47 hit hit hit
48 hold held held
49 hurt hurt hurt
50 keep kept kept
51 kneel knelt knelt
52 know knew known
53 lay laid laid
54 lead led led
55 leave left left
56 lend lent lent
57 let let let
58 lie lay lain
59 light lit lit
60 lose lost lost
61 make made made
62 mean meant meant
63 meet met met
64 pay paid paid
65 put put put
66 read read [red] read [red]
67 ride rode ridden
68 ring rang rung
69 rise rose risen
70 run ran run
71 say said said
72 see saw seen
73 seek sought sought
74 sell sold sold
75 send sent sent
76 set set set
77 sew sewed sewn / sewed
78 shake shook shaken
79 shine shone shone
80 shoot shot shot
81 show showed shown / showed
82 shrink shrank shrunk
83 shut shut shut
84 sing sang sung
85 sink sank sunk
86 sit sat sat
87 sleep slept slept
88 slide slid slid
89 speak spoke spoken
90 spend spent spent
91 spit spat spat
92 split split split
93 spread spread spread
94 spring sprang sprung
95 stand stood stood
96 steal stole stolen
97 stick stuck stuck
98 sting stung stung
99 stink stank stunk
100 strike struck struck
101 swear swore sworn
102 sweep swept swept
103 swim swam swum
104 swing swung swung
105 take took taken
106 teach taught taught
107 tear tore torn
108 tell told told
109 think thought thought
110 throw threw thrown
111 understand understood understood
112 wake woke woken
113 wear wore worn
114 weep wept wept
115 win won won
116 write wrote written

마치며

지금까지 불규칙 동사 3단 변화 표를 정리해 보았습니다.

한 번에 모든 단어를 다 외우려고 하기보다는, 하루에 5개에서 10개씩 목표를 정해 두고 꾸준히 소리 내어 읽어보는 것을 추천합니다. 본 포스팅을 북마크(즐겨찾기) 해두시거나 캡처해 두시고 틈날 때마다 확인해 보세요!

다음에도 더 유익하고 알찬 영어 학습 콘텐츠로 찾아오겠습니다. 오늘도 열공하세요!