불규칙 과거형, 과거분사형 정리표
• Study Notes
안녕하세요! 영어를 공부할 때 가장 먼저 만나기도 하고, 암기가 반드시 필요한, **'영어 불규칙 동사 3단 변화'**입니다.
일반적인 동사는 과거형이나 과거분사형을 만들 때 뒤에 -ed만 붙이면 되지만, 불규칙 동사는 말 그대로 규칙 없이 형태가 변하기 때문에 자주 보면서 익숙해지는 방식으로 암기하는것이 중요합니다.
이번 포스팅에서는 반드시 알아야 할 필수 불규칙 동사 116개를 알파벳 순서(A to Z)로 깔끔하게 정리해 드리겠 습니다.
1. 불규칙 동사의 패턴
- A-A-A 형 (원형-과거형-과거분사형이 모두 같은 형태):
- 예시: hit - hit - hit / cut - cut - cut / put - put - put
- A-B-A 형 (원형과 과거분사형이 같은 형태):
- 예시: come - came - come / run - ran - run
- A-B-B 형 (과거형과 과거분사형이 같은 형태):
- 예시: buy - bought - bought / make - made - made
- A-B-C 형 (3가지 형태가 모두 다른 형태):
- 예시: be - was/were - been / speak - spoke - spoken
⚠️ 주의해야 할 발음
**read**동사는 원형, 과거형, 과거분사형의 철자가 모두 똑같습니다. 하지만 과거형과 과거분사형으로 쓰일 때는 발음이 **red**로 바뀌는 것을 꼭 기억해 주세요!
| 번호 | 원형 (Infinitive) | 과거형 (Past Simple) | 과거분사형 (Past Participle) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | was / were | been |
| 2 | beat | beat | beaten |
| 3 | become | became | become |
| 4 | begin | began | begun |
| 5 | bend | bent | bent |
| 6 | bet | bet | bet |
| 7 | bite | bit | bitten |
| 8 | blow | blew | blown |
| 9 | break | broke | broken |
| 10 | bring | brought | brought |
| 11 | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
| 12 | build | built | built |
| 13 | burst | burst | burst |
| 14 | buy | bought | bought |
| 15 | catch | caught | caught |
| 16 | choose | chose | chosen |
| 17 | come | came | come |
| 18 | cost | cost | cost |
| 19 | creep | crept | crept |
| 20 | cut | cut | cut |
| 21 | deal | dealt | dealt |
| 22 | dig | dug | dug |
| 23 | do | did | done |
| 24 | draw | drew | drawn |
| 25 | drink | drank | drunk |
| 26 | drive | drove | driven |
| 27 | eat | ate | eaten |
| 28 | fall | fell | fallen |
| 29 | feed | fed | fed |
| 30 | feel | felt | felt |
| 31 | fight | fought | fought |
| 32 | find | found | found |
| 33 | flee | fled | fled |
| 34 | fly | flew | flown |
| 35 | forbid | forbade | forbidden |
| 36 | forget | forgot | forgotten |
| 37 | forgive | forgave | forgiven |
| 38 | freeze | froze | frozen |
| 39 | get | got | got / gotten |
| 40 | give | gave | given |
| 41 | go | went | gone |
| 42 | grow | grew | grown |
| 43 | hang | hung | hung |
| 44 | have | had | had |
| 45 | hear | heard | heard |
| 46 | hide | hid | hidden |
| 47 | hit | hit | hit |
| 48 | hold | held | held |
| 49 | hurt | hurt | hurt |
| 50 | keep | kept | kept |
| 51 | kneel | knelt | knelt |
| 52 | know | knew | known |
| 53 | lay | laid | laid |
| 54 | lead | led | led |
| 55 | leave | left | left |
| 56 | lend | lent | lent |
| 57 | let | let | let |
| 58 | lie | lay | lain |
| 59 | light | lit | lit |
| 60 | lose | lost | lost |
| 61 | make | made | made |
| 62 | mean | meant | meant |
| 63 | meet | met | met |
| 64 | pay | paid | paid |
| 65 | put | put | put |
| 66 | read | read [red] |
read [red] |
| 67 | ride | rode | ridden |
| 68 | ring | rang | rung |
| 69 | rise | rose | risen |
| 70 | run | ran | run |
| 71 | say | said | said |
| 72 | see | saw | seen |
| 73 | seek | sought | sought |
| 74 | sell | sold | sold |
| 75 | send | sent | sent |
| 76 | set | set | set |
| 77 | sew | sewed | sewn / sewed |
| 78 | shake | shook | shaken |
| 79 | shine | shone | shone |
| 80 | shoot | shot | shot |
| 81 | show | showed | shown / showed |
| 82 | shrink | shrank | shrunk |
| 83 | shut | shut | shut |
| 84 | sing | sang | sung |
| 85 | sink | sank | sunk |
| 86 | sit | sat | sat |
| 87 | sleep | slept | slept |
| 88 | slide | slid | slid |
| 89 | speak | spoke | spoken |
| 90 | spend | spent | spent |
| 91 | spit | spat | spat |
| 92 | split | split | split |
| 93 | spread | spread | spread |
| 94 | spring | sprang | sprung |
| 95 | stand | stood | stood |
| 96 | steal | stole | stolen |
| 97 | stick | stuck | stuck |
| 98 | sting | stung | stung |
| 99 | stink | stank | stunk |
| 100 | strike | struck | struck |
| 101 | swear | swore | sworn |
| 102 | sweep | swept | swept |
| 103 | swim | swam | swum |
| 104 | swing | swung | swung |
| 105 | take | took | taken |
| 106 | teach | taught | taught |
| 107 | tear | tore | torn |
| 108 | tell | told | told |
| 109 | think | thought | thought |
| 110 | throw | threw | thrown |
| 111 | understand | understood | understood |
| 112 | wake | woke | woken |
| 113 | wear | wore | worn |
| 114 | weep | wept | wept |
| 115 | win | won | won |
| 116 | write | wrote | written |
마치며
지금까지 불규칙 동사 3단 변화 표를 정리해 보았습니다.
한 번에 모든 단어를 다 외우려고 하기보다는, 하루에 5개에서 10개씩 목표를 정해 두고 꾸준히 소리 내어 읽어보는 것을 추천합니다. 본 포스팅을 북마크(즐겨찾기) 해두시거나 캡처해 두시고 틈날 때마다 확인해 보세요!
다음에도 더 유익하고 알찬 영어 학습 콘텐츠로 찾아오겠습니다. 오늘도 열공하세요!